Menene rigakafin mRNA
Alurar rigakafin mRNA tana tura RNA zuwa sel na jiki don bayyanawa da samar da antigens sunadaran bayan gyare-gyaren da suka dace a cikin vitro, ta haka ne ke jagorantar jiki don samar da martanin rigakafi daga antigen, ta haka ne ke faɗaɗa ƙarfin garkuwar jiki.[1,3].
Hoto 1: Tsarin tsari na tasirin allurar rigakafin mRNA kai tsaye [2]
Rarraba allurar rigakafin mRNA
An kasu maganin rigakafin mRNA zuwa iri biyu:rashin replicatingmRNA dagirman kaimRNA: mRNA mai haɓaka kai ba kawai yana ɓoye antigen da aka yi niyya ba, har ma yana sanya kwafin da ke ba da damar haɓaka RNA na ciki da tsarin bayyana furotin.Magungunan mRNA marasa kwafi kawai suna ɓoye antigens masu niyya kuma sun ƙunshi yankuna 5'da 3' waɗanda ba a fassara su ba (UTR).Suna ba da cikakkiyar haɓakawa na daidaitawa da rigakafi na asali, wato a cikin situ antigen magana da watsa siginar haɗari, kuma suna da fa'idodi masu zuwa.[2,3]
● Zai iya ba da cikakkiyar ƙarfafawa na daidaitawa da rigakafi na asali, wato a cikin situ antigen magana da watsa siginar haɗari.
● Zai iya haifar da amsawar rigakafi ta "daidaitacce", gami da abubuwan ban dariya da na salula da ƙwaƙwalwar rigakafi
●Za a iya haɗa antigens daban-daban ba tare da ƙara rikiɗar tsarin rigakafin ba
● Ana iya samun ci gaba da haɓaka ƙarfin rigakafi ta hanyar maimaita alluran rigakafi, kuma babu ko kaɗan amsawar rigakafi ga mai ɗaukar hoto.
●Magungunan mRNA masu tsayayyen zafi na iya sauƙaƙa sufuri da adanar maganin
Hoto na 2: Tsarin tsari na rigakafin mRNA da tsarin maganganun antigen [4]
Siffofin rigakafin mRNA
Idan aka kwatanta da alluran rigakafin gargajiya, allurar mRNA suna da matakai masu sauƙi na samarwa, saurin haɓaka haɓakawa, rashin buƙatar al'adun tantanin halitta, da ƙarancin farashi.Idan aka kwatanta da allurar DNA, allurar mRNA ba sa buƙatar shiga tsakiya kuma babu haɗarin haɗawa cikin kwayar halitta.Za a iya daidaita rabin rayuwar ta hanyar gyarawa.
Tebur 1: Fa'idodi da rashin amfanin allurar mRNA
|
| Amfani | Nakasa |
| rigakafin mRNA | Bincike da haɓaka cikin sauri, samar da alluran rigakafi yana ɗaukar kwanaki 40 kawai | Hana amsawar rigakafi mara amfani
|
| rashin kwanciyar hankali na mRNA a ƙarƙashin yanayin ilimin lissafi, mai sauƙin ragewa | Ba zai shiga cikin kwayoyin halitta ba don guje wa yiwuwar maye gurbi na warkewa
| |
| Babu buƙatar kowane siginar gano makaman nukiliya, kwafi | Ya rage a tabbatar da ingancin makaman kare dangi
|
Hoto na 3: Taswirar gudana na samarwa da shirye-shiryen rigakafin mRNA [4]
Foregene Viral RNA Isolation kit
RT-qPCR Mai Sauƙi (Mataki ɗaya)
Ingantattun dabaru don shirye-shiryen rigakafin mRNA
Saboda rashin kwanciyar hankali na mRNA kanta, ƙasƙanci mai sauƙi ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin kyallen takarda, ƙarancin shigarwar tantanin halitta, da ƙarancin ingantaccen fassarar, waɗannan lahani suna iyakance aikace-aikacen rigakafin mRNA.Har ila yau, ingancin fassarar yana taka muhimmiyar rawa.Ana iya raba motocin isarwa zuwa ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta marasa ƙwayoyin cuta (ciki har da liposomes, marasa liposomes, ƙwayoyin cuta, nanoparticles, da sauransu).Don haka, ana buƙatar matakan haɓaka masu dacewa.Mai zuwa shine dabarun haɓaka magunguna don shirye-shiryen mRNA[2]
1 Haɗa analog ɗin hula ko amfani da enzymes capping don daidaita mRNA da haɓaka fassarar furotin ta hanyar ɗaure ga fa'idar ƙaddamarwar eukaryotic 4E (EIF4E)
2 Daidaita abubuwan da ke cikin 5'-wanda ba a fassara shi ba (UTR) da 3'-UTR don daidaita mRNA da haɓaka fassarar furotin
3 Ƙara Poly(A) wutsiya na iya daidaita mRNA da ƙara fassarar furotin
4 Gyaran nucleosides don rage kunnawar rigakafi na asali da haɓaka fassarar
5 Jiyya tare da RNase III da tsarkakewar furotin ruwa mai sauri (FPLC) na iya rage kunnawar rigakafi da haɓaka fassarar.
6 Haɓaka jeri ko codons don ƙara fassarar
7 Haɗin kai na abubuwan ƙaddamar da fassarar da sauran hanyoyin canza fassarar da kuma rigakafi
Hoto 4: In vitro transcription (IVT) mRNA samarwa da tsarin taro [5]
Shiri mai girma na plasmid DNA
Plasmid DNA tsarkakewa yafi cire gurɓata kamar RNA, bude-da'irar DNA endotoxin, host protein da host nucleic acid, kuma yawanci canza recombinant plasmid zuwa E. coli.E. coli yana fama da fermentation mai yawa, sa'an nan kuma rabuwar ruwa mai ƙarfi, da tarin E. coli.A E. coli ne sa'an nan hõre alkaline lysis, centrifugal m-ruwa rabuwa da microfiltration bayani bayan lysis, ultrafiltration da maida hankali bayan bayyana, sa'an nan chromatographic tsarkakewa.
Tsabtace DNA na plasmid:
Foregene General Plasmid Mini Kit
【1】苗鹤凡, 郭勇, 江新香.mRNA疫苗研究进展及挑战[J].免疫学杂志, 2016 (05): 446-449.
【2】Pardi N , Hogan MJ , Porter FW , et al.allurar rigakafin mRNA - sabon zamani a ilimin rigakafi[J].Nature Reviews Gano Drug, 2018.
【3】Kramps T., Elbers K. (2017) Gabatarwa ga allurar RNA.A cikin: Kramps T., Elbers K. (eds) Magungunan RNA.Hanyoyi a cikin Halittar Halitta, vol 1499. Humana Press, New York, NY.
【4】Maruggi G , Zhang C , Li J , et al.mRNA azaman Fasahar Canji don Ci gaban Alurar rigakafi don Sarrafa Cututtuka masu Yaduwa[J].Magungunan Kwayoyin Halitta, 2019.
【5】Sergio Linares-Fernández, Céline Lacroix, ,Tailoring mRNA Vaccine to Balance Innate/Aptive Immune Response,Trending in the Molecular Medicine,Juzu'i 26, Fitowa 3,2020, Shafuna 311-323.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-05-2021
