Gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje yana farawa da tarin samfuri, kuma tarin samfurin shine mafi sauƙi don kau da kai.Abu mafi mahimmanci don tarin samfurin shine zaɓar nau'in samfurin daidai, amfani da kayan aikin samfurin da suka dace, da gudanar da sufuri da sarrafawa.

I.Sample nau'in

Nau'in samfurin gama gari sune kamar haka:

Hanyar samfurin na iya komawa zuwa ƙayyadaddun fasaha don kula da muhalli na sabon coronavirus a cikin kasuwancin noma (bazaar)":

1. Swab samfurori daga swabs na makogwaro, hannaye, tufafi da sauran abubuwa na masu aiki: ana buƙatar yin amfani da maganin adana ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin bututun samfurin ƙwayoyin cuta kuma a shigar da cikakken kutsawa cikin samfurin auduga.Ana amfani da saman ƙasa) akai-akai kuma ana wanke shi fiye da sau 3.A lokaci guda, wajibi ne a yi samfurin rarraba ma'auni mai yawa akan saman abin da aka zana.

2. Samfurin swab na abinci: Ba za a iya tattara samfuran abinci kai tsaye ba.Abincin da za a tattara ya kamata a ware a hankali kuma a adana shi a cikin jakar samfur mai tsabta kafin a tattara samfuran swab.Ana buƙatar yin amfani da maganin adana ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin bututun samfurin ƙwayoyin cuta, bayan an gama jiƙa swab ɗin auduga gabaɗaya, a maimaita shafa da kuma wanke saman samfurin abincin da za a tattara fiye da sau 3.A lokaci guda, wajibi ne don yin samfurin rarraba ma'auni mai yawa akan samfurin samfurin.

3. Samfurin najasa: Dangane da rarraba tsarin magudanar ruwa a cikin kasuwa, zaɓi wurare 2-3 na samfurin najasa, mai da hankali kan tarin hanyoyin sadarwar bututu na ciki, ƙasan hanyar ruwa mai gudana, ko haɗin kai tare da cibiyar sadarwar bututu na birni.Don tattara samfurin swab, nutsar da shi a cikin najasa tare da samfurin auduga don sanya shi yaɗa najasa kuma a wanke shi a cikin bututun samfurin fiye da sau 3.Don tattara samfuran najasa, yi amfani da kwalabe na filastik polyethylene don tattara samfuran ruwan najasa na 30-500 ml;don tarin najasa tare da ƙarar fiye da 500 ml, ana iya amfani da buckets na filastik polyethylene ko samfurin ruwa a kan wurin da kayan haɓaka na musamman.A lokaci guda, wajibi ne don gudanar da samfurin rarraba ma'auni mai yawa don wurin samar da najasa.

4. Samfurori na dabbobi: Ga dabbobi masu rai, ana iya amfani da swabs na samfur don tattara swabs na jiki, swabs oropharyngeal da tsuliya, kuma za a iya tattara najasa ko samfurori na ɓoye kuma a rubuta su daidai a kan takarda.Don samfuran dabbobin da aka yi fatar fata, da sauransu, yi amfani da swabs na auduga don tattara saman jikinsu da samfuran swab na rami na jikinsu.Ana buƙatar yin amfani da maganin adana ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin bututun samfurin ƙwayoyin cuta don kutsawa cikin samfurin auduga gaba ɗaya, sannan a maimaita aikace-aikacen saman samfurin abincin da za a tattara.Shabu fiye da sau 3.A lokaci guda, wajibi ne don yin samfurin rarraba ma'auni mai yawa akan samfurin samfurin.

5. Sauran kayan aiki: kwantena na jigilar kayayyaki da kiwo kamar keji ko tankunan kifi.Da farko, lura ko fahimtar takamaiman nau'ikan dabbobin da aka adana da kiwo a cikin akwati, sannan tattara samfuran swab akan bangon ciki na akwati ko samfuran ruwa na abubuwan cikin.

6.Tattara samfuran iska a wuraren da mutane ke taruwa, wuraren kasuwancin gida mara kyau, ofisoshi, da dakunan hutawa.

II.Sampling kayan aikin
1. Bututun tara jini
Idan kana buƙatar yin gwajin nucleic acid da samfurori na anticoagulant daga baya, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da ɗigon jini mai dauke da EDTA anticoagulant don tattara jini;don samfurori na jini, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da tasoshin jini ba tare da maganin rigakafi ba.

2. Samfurin swab

Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da swabs polypropylene maimakon alli alginate swabs ko swabs tare da sandunan katako, saboda suna iya ƙunsar abubuwan da ke hana wasu ƙwayoyin cuta da hana gwajin PCR.Ba za a iya amfani da swabs tare da kawunan auduga ba, saboda filayen auduga suna da ƙarfi na furotin kuma ba a sauƙaƙe su shiga cikin maganin adanawa na gaba.

A cikin "Ƙayyadaddun Ƙididdiga na Fasaha na 10-in-1 Mixed Collected and Detection of New Coronavirus Nucleic Acids", an bayyana shi a fili cewa "ya kamata a yi samfurin swab da polyester, nailan da sauran kayan da ba na auduga da wadanda ba na calcium ba, kuma ya kamata a yi amfani da kayan da ba na itace ba.Wurin karya yana da kusan 3cm daga saman kan swab, wanda ke da sauƙin karya.

CDC a Amurka ta kuma ambaci "Yi amfani da swabs na fiber na roba kawai tare da robobi ko igiyoyin waya.Kada ku yi amfani da swabs alginate na calcium ko swabs tare da katako na katako,kamar yadda zasu iya ƙunsar abubuwan da ke hana wasu ƙwayoyin cuta da hana gwajin PCR.

A halin yanzu ana amfani da shi ko'ina shine swab mara kyau na nailan da za'a iya zubar da shi hade da sandar filastik.Swab ɗin garken yana da mafi kyawun sha ruwa da ƙimar sakin.Dangane da wuraren yin samfuri daban-daban, shugaban swab shima yana da girma da filaye daban-daban.Kauri.”

3. Samfurin tsarin adana sufuri

Maganin adana rashin kunna ƙwayoyin cuta: adadin da ya dace na tattara gishirin guanidine da nau'ikan abubuwan lysis na ƙwayoyin cuta na iya lalata kwayar cutar kai tsaye don sakin acid nucleic, kunna RNase da DNase, da tabbatar da amincin nucleic acid, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don gano qPCR na gaba.Ba za a iya amfani da shi don noman ƙwayoyin cuta da keɓewa ba.

Maganin safarar ƙwayoyin cuta da adanawa: ya ƙunshi gishiri, amino acid, bitamin, glucose da furotin da ake buƙata don rayuwar ƙwayar cuta, wanda zai iya kula da ayyukan ƙwayar cuta.Ana iya amfani da shi don fitar da sinadarin nucleic acid da gano kwayar cutar nan gaba, sannan kuma ana iya amfani da shi wajen noma da kuma raba kwayar cutar.

4. Samfurin adana samfurin da jakar samfurin

Bututun ajiyar samfurin yakamata ya zama bututun filastik maras kyau tare da hular dunƙule wanda baya ɗaukar acid nucleic.Kowane bututun samfurin ya kamata a rufe shi da jakar samfurin don hana zubewa da gurɓata samfurin.

III.Abubuwa masu shiga tsakani a cikin samfurin

Abubuwan shiga tsakani a cikin gwaje-gwajen PCR

1. tsoma baki na endogenous

Abubuwan da ke cikin samfurin jiki na iya tsoma baki tare da gano wasu abubuwa.

Jini:heme (> 1mg / ml), hemin (> 0.1ng / μl), triglycerides, IgG, da dai sauransu;

Fitsari:Urea (20mM);

Kwanciya:polysaccharides shuka, cholate;

Nama:kwayoyin cuta, collagen;

Madara: protease, calcium ion;

Magunguna: maganin rigakafi, maganin rigakafi, hormones, da dai sauransu.

sauran.

2. tsoma baki na waje

Ya fito ne daga abubuwan da zasu iya tsoma baki tare da gano wasu abubuwa a cikin vitro.Samfuran ƙari da abubuwan da za a iya tuntuɓar su yayin tattara samfurin da sarrafawa:

Gwajin kayan aiki: serum separation gel, samfurin tarin akwati da roba stopper, catheter, catheter flushing ruwa, safar hannu foda, da dai sauransu.

Anticoagulant: heparin (> 0.1 U / ml), EDTA (> 0.5 mM), da dai sauransu;

Abubuwan kaushi na halitta: isopropanol (> 0.1 IU / ml), betaine, dimethyl sulfoxide, foramide, glycerin, PEG, da dai sauransu;

Maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta: alcohols (ethanol> 1%), aldehydes, phenols (phenol> 0.2%), peroxides, karfi acid (HCL), karfi alkalis (NaOH), da dai sauransu;

Abun wanka:SDS (> 0.005%);

Ƙasa: Humus

Rini: Indigo

sauran.

A ƙarƙashin ainihin yanayin samfurin waje, irin su tattara samfuran muhalli, samfuran na iya ƙunsar abubuwa masu tsangwama iri-iri, kuma abun da ke tattare da abubuwan da ke shiga tsakani a kowane wuri ya bambanta, wanda ke buƙatar gwaje-gwajen tsoma baki na PCR da za a yi bisa ga yanayin gida.

IV.Samfurin ajiya da yanayin sufuri

Ya kamata a aika samfurorin da aka tattara da su zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje a cikin sa'o'i 2 zuwa 4 bayan an tattara su a zazzabi na 2 ° C zuwa 8 ° C.Ajiye a 4 ℃ a cikin 24h.Ya kamata a gwada samfuran da aka yi amfani da su don keɓewar ƙwayoyin cuta da gano nucleic acid da wuri-wuri.Za a iya adana samfuran da za a iya gwadawa a cikin sa'o'i 24 a 4 ° C;samfuran da ba za a iya gano su a cikin sa'o'i 24 ba ya kamata a adana su a -70 ° C ko ƙasa (idan ba haka ba - Ajiye a 70 ° C a cikin firiji a -20 ° C).

Taƙaice:Daidaitaccen tarin, sufuri da adana samfuran suna da mahimmanci don gwaji na gaba.Abubuwan da ba su dace ba na gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje da yawa ana haifar da su ta hanyar tarawa mara kyau, jigilar kayayyaki da adana samfuran da ke haifar da lalata ƙwayoyin nucleic acid.Koyaya, yawancin dakunan gwaje-gwaje har yanzu suna watsi da mahimmancin samfur.Ina fatan wannan labarin zai iya tada hankalin kowa ga yin samfur da kuma yin ƙarin ƙididdiga da ƙididdiga masu ma'ana!

Samfura mai alaƙa:

SARS-CoV-2 Variant Nucleic Acid Gane Kit (I) (Tsarin Binciken Fluorescent PCR Multiplex) -Don Gano Mutants Daga Brazil, Afirka ta Kudu, da Burtaniya