Tushen da aka fassara: WuXi AppTec editan ƙungiyar

A Guangzhou, China, 'yan sanda da ke da alhakin taimakawa binciken cututtukan cututtukan sun fitar da wani faifan bidiyo na sa ido: A cikin gidan abinci guda, su biyun sun shiga gidan wanka daya bayan daya ba tare da wani mu'amala ba.Kawai dakika 14 na lokacin zama tare ya ba da damar sabuwar kwayar cutar kambi ta sami dama, kammala yaduwar.

WuXi AppTec taswirar ƙungiyar abun ciki

A Ostiraliya da ke kudancin hemisphere, mutane ma sun yi mamakin ganin irin wannan "cutar nan take".Lokacin da hukumomin lafiya a New South Wales suka bi diddigin lamuran, sun gano cewa mai kamuwa da cuta da aƙalla mutane ukukawai "wuce ta" a wajen wani kantin sayar da kayayyaki ko kantin kofi, da sauri shiga wuri ɗaya, kuma kwayar cutar ta haifar da kamuwa da cuta.

Sakamako na kwayar cutar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar kwayar cutar kan samfuran wadannan lamuran sun nuna cewa sabon coronavirusya haifar da kamuwa da cuta mallakar nau'in mutant na Delta, wanda shine sabon nau'in mutant na coronavirus wanda aka fara gano shi a Indiya a cikin Oktoba 2020.Masanin ilimin kimiyya Zhong Nanshan ya kuma nuna a cikin wata hira da ya yi da manema labarai a baya-bayan nan cewa, "Irin delta yana da nauyi mai yawa.iskar da aka fitar yana da guba kuma mai saurin yaduwa", don haka ana buƙatar tsauraran ƙa'idodi don ayyana "lambobin kusa"…

Rage duniya

A cikin Afrilu da Mayu 2021, an yi mummunar guguwar annoba a Indiya.A cewar bayanan da ma'aikatar lafiya ta Indiya ta fitar.adadin wadanda aka tabbatar sun kamu da cutar a rana guda ya zarce 400,000 a lokaci guda!Duk da cewa akwai manya-manyan tarurruka da wasu dalilai a bayansa, abin da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba shi ne, adadin mutanen da ke kamuwa da nau’in mutant na Delta yana karuwa cikin sauri.

A wajen Indiya, daga Nepal zuwa kudu maso gabashin Asiya, zuwa wani yanki mafi girma a duniya, nau'in mutant na Delta shi ma ya bazu a cikin watanni biyu da suka gabata.

"Bambancin Delta shine mafi yawan bambance-bambancen da aka samu zuwa yanzu.An samo shi a cikin kasashe / yankuna 85 kuma ya bazu cikin sauri tsakanin mutanen da ba a yi musu allurar ba.” Darakta Janar na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya Dr. Tan Desai a ranar 25 ga watan Yuni ya ce a taron manema labarai.

Dr. Tan Desai, Darakta Janar na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya |Hotunan ITU daga Geneva, Switzerland, CC BY 2.0, ta hanyar Wikimedia Commons)

An gano cutar ta farko ta kamuwa da cutar Delta a Burtaniya a tsakiyar watan Afrilu.A wancan lokacin, bayan ‘yan watanni na “katsewa”, tare da ci gaban rigakafin, yawan kamuwa da cuta, asibitoci, da mace-mace duk sun ragu sosai, kuma cutar da alama tana inganta.

Koyaya, nau'in mutant na Delta ya haifar da tashin hankali na uku na kololuwar annoba a Burtaniya, kuma adadin sabbin masu kamuwa da cutar a kowace rana ya wuce 8,700.Kwayar cutar ta bazu cikin sauri tsakanin mutanen da ba a yi musu allurar ba, lamarin da ya tilastawa Burtaniya dage shirinta na sake budewa.A hakika,Halin mutant na Delta na yanzu ya maye gurbin nau'in mutant na Alpha (wato, nau'in mutant B.1.1.7) da aka fara ganowa a Burtaniya, kuma ya zama mafi mahimmancin sabon coronavirus na gida.

A nahiyar Amurka, yanayin bambance-bambancen Delta shi ma ya haifar da damuwa.A cewar wani bincike da aka gudanar a California.Yawan kararrakin da nau'in nau'in Alpha bambance-bambancen ya haifar, wanda a baya shi ne "na al'ada", ya ragu daga fiye da 70% a ƙarshen Afrilu zuwa kusan 42% a ƙarshen Yuni, kuma "tashi" na bambance-bambancen Delta ke da alhakin wannan.Babban dalilin wannan canji.Daraktan Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka ta Amurka (CDC) ta yi gargadin cewa nan da 'yan makonni masu zuwa, bambance-bambancen Delta na iya zama babban sabon bambance-bambancen coronavirus a Amurka.

Adadin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta na COVID-19 daban-daban (Tsarin mutant na Delta kore ne) |nextstrain.org)

A kasar Sin, baya ga birnin Guangzhou, an kuma gano wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan halittun Delta a Shenzhen, Dongguan da sauran wurare.An fara arangama tsakanin mutane da mutant Delta.

Ba wai kawai yada ya fi karfi ba

Tun bayan bullar sabuwar cutar ta kambi sama da shekara guda, nau'ikan mutant iri daban-daban sun ja hankalin musamman, ciki har da nau'in mutant na Alpha wanda aka fara tabbatar da shi a Burtaniya a watan Satumba na 2020, da nau'in Beta mutant (B.1.351) wanda aka fara tabbatar da shi a Afirka ta Kudu a watan Mayu 2020.

A ranar 11 ga Mayu, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta jera nau'in halittar Delta wanda aka fara gano a Indiya a matsayin na hudu "bambancin damuwa(VOC).Bisa ga ma'anar WHO, VOC na nufin"wanda ake zargi ko tabbatar da cewa zai haifar da karuwar watsawa ko guba;ko karuwa ko canzawa a bayyanar cututtuka na asibiti;ko haifar da canje-canje a cikin ganewar asali, matakan jiyya, da ingancin rigakafin.

Bayanan da aka samu daga cibiyoyi irin su Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Burtaniya (PHE) sun nuna hakanƙarfin watsa nau'in bambance-bambancen Delta yana da 100% sama da na asali na asali;idan aka kwatanta da nau'in nau'in Alpha da ke yawo a duniya a cikin rabin na biyu na shekarar da ta gabata, bambance-bambancen Delta Halin watsa nau'in ya fi karfi, yawan watsawa ya fi 60%.

Baya ga gagarumin karuwar kamuwa da cututtuka da karfin watsawa, Feng Zijian, mai bincike a cibiyar kula da rigakafin cututtuka ta kasar Sin, ya ce yayin da yake gabatar da sabbin kambi na baya-bayan nan a Guangzhou, wani nau'in halittar Delta "Wani fasalin kuma shi ne cewa lokacin shiryawa ko kuma tazarar wucewar an gajarta-a cikin kankanin lokaci).Zamani biyar ko shida sun shude a cikin kwanaki 10 kacal.” Bugu da kari, sakamakon gwajin da PCR da aka yi na samfurori daga wadanda suka kamu da cutar ya nuna cewa kwayar cutar ta karu sosai, wanda kuma ya sa kamuwa da cuta ya fi faruwa.

A Burtaniya, inda bambance-bambancen Delta ke da kashi 90% na lokuta, shaidun farko sun nuna cewa.Idan aka kwatanta da bambance-bambancen Alpha, mutanen da ke kamuwa da bambance-bambancen Delta sun kusan sau biyu ana iya kwantar da su a asibiti, wanda ke nufin cewa haɗarin asibiti yana ƙaruwa da 100%.

Muhimman maye gurbi wanda ke ɗauke da nau'ikan sabbin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta na coronavirus waɗanda ke da damuwa a halin yanzu.Daga cikin su, nau'in mutant na Delta yana da nau'ikan maye gurbi guda 13 na musamman idan aka kwatanta da nau'in kwayar cutar ta asali |WuXi AppTec Content Team

Yin la'akari da jerin kwayoyin halitta na nau'in mutant Delta,yana da wasu sauye-sauye na musamman a cikin kwayar halittar da ke ɓoye furotin mai karu na sabon coronavirus, wanda ba wai kawai yana shafar ikon watsa kwayar cutar ba, har ma yana iya haifar da tserewa na rigakafi..A wasu kalmomi, kawar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi da aka samar bayan kamuwa da cuta a baya ko allurar rigakafi na iya raunana ikon ɗaure ga bambance-bambancen Delta.

Muhimmancin maganin

Dangane da bambance-bambancen Delta mai ban tsoro, shin allurar rigakafin da ake da su za su iya ba da cikakkiyar kariya?

"Nature" ya buga takardar bincike a ranar 10 ga Yuni.Sakamakon gwaji na iyawar antibody neutralization ya nuna hakanmakonni biyu ko hudu bayan cikakken allurai na allurai biyu na rigakafin mRNA neocorona BNT162b2, maganin rigakafin da aka samar a jikin mutum yana da tasiri mai kyau akan Delta.Halin har yanzu yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci na hanawa.

Ayyukan tsaka-tsaki na maganin alurar riga kafi akan asalin sabon coronavirus da nau'ikan mutant iri daban-daban ciki har da nau'in Delta |Magana [1]

Dangane da manyan bambance-bambancen ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyu, Delta da Alpha, suna haifar da alamun COVID-19, yadda tasirin rigakafin zai iya hana shi, Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Burtaniya ta sanar da sakamakon wani bincike na duniya a ƙarshen Mayu.

Bayanai sun nuna cewa ko da yake allurar tana da raunin kariya ga nau'in Deltaidan aka kwatanta da nau'in Alpha, har yanzu yana iya rage haɗarin sabbin alamun kambi.Cikakken alluran alluran rigakafin mRNA guda biyu, tasirin kariya zai iya kaiwa 88%;da bambanci, da m sakamako a kan Alpha ne 93%.

Har ila yau binciken ya gano cewa idan aka yi amfani da allurar rigakafi guda daya kawai, ikon hana nau'in mutant yana raguwa sosai.Makonni uku bayan kashi na farko na rigakafin, alluran rigakafin biyu na iya rage haɗarin sabbin alamun kambi da bambance-bambancen Delta ke haifar da kashi 33%, da haɗarin Alpha da kashi 50%, duka biyun sun yi ƙasa da tasirin kariya da aka samar bayan cikakken allurar rigakafi na 2 allurai.

Tasirin kariya na sabbin alluran rigakafin kambi guda biyu akan B.1.617.2 da B.1.1.7 nau'ikan mutant |Magana [8]

Mujallar likita mai iko "The Lancet" ta buga wani bayanai daga Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Burtaniya a ranar 15 ga Yuni, wanda ke nuna hakan.cikakken sabon maganin kambi mai harbi biyu (ciki har da nau'ikan alluran rigakafi da yawa) na iya rage haɗarin asibiti.Binciken ya kuma nuna cewa akalla kwanaki 28 bayan allurar farko, tasirin rigakafin rigakafin ya bayyana.

Dangane da shaidu da dama, WHO da kwararru daga kasashe da yawa sun sha nanata hakanyana da matukar mahimmanci don kammala duk tsarin rigakafin rigakafin da ke buƙatar allurai biyu (ko fiye), musamman don rigakafin cutar COVID-19 mai tsanani da mutuwa.

Ci gaba da maye gurbi, ci gaba da kariya

A cikin mutanen da ke da ƙarancin allurar rigakafi, bambance-bambancen Delta yana da damar yaduwa cikin sauri.Wani bincike da aka yi akan jeri bayanai na kusan samfurori 20,000 tun watan Afrilu ya gano hakana yankunan da yawan mazaunan da suka kammala aikin allurar gabaɗaya bai wuce kashi 30 cikin ɗari ba, yaduwar nau'in nau'in na Delta ya fi na sauran yankunan da adadin allurar rigakafin ya zarce wannan kaso.

Sauran binciken kuma sun gano cewa bambance-bambance masu yawa na adadin allurar rigakafin na iya haifar da bambance-bambance a cikin adadin lokuta da asibitocin da bambancin Delta ya haifar a yankuna daban-daban.

Yayin da sabon coronavirus ke ci gaba da yaɗuwa a duniya, maye gurbin ƙwayar cuta ba makawa ne.Baya ga nau'in mutant na Delta tare da mafi ƙarfin watsawa ya zuwa yanzu,Masana kimiyya kuma suna sa ido kan wasu nau'ikan mutant, gami da sauran nau'ikan halittu guda bakwai da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta lissafa a matsayin "Mutant Strains to be Observed" (VOI).

Yadda za a hana sabon nau'in cutar coronavirus da ke ci gaba da canzawa, Dr. Michael Ryan na WHO ya yi imani: “Maye gurbin kwayoyin halitta na iya haifar da canje-canje a cikin halayen kwayar cutar, kamar kasancewa mai iya kamuwa da mutane, rayuwa a cikin ɗigon ruwa na tsawon lokaci, da ƙarancin fallasa.Zai haifar da kamuwa da cuta, da sauransu.Amma waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta ba za su canza abin da za mu yi ba, suna tunatar da mu cewa mu ɗauki duk matakan kariya da za a iya yi, da kuma ɗaukar tsauraran matakai, gami da sanya abin rufe fuska, rage taro, da sauransu. Mun sha nanata matakan.”

A taƙaice, duk da cewa ɗimbin ɓangarorin Delta ya ƙaru da kamuwa da cuta, ya rage lokacin shiryawa, kuma mai cutar yana ƙara rashin lafiya, amma ba za a iya hana shi gaba ɗaya ba.Ko alluran rigakafi ne kamar yadda ake buƙata, ko matakan kamar abin rufe fuska da keɓewar jama'a, ana tsammanin za a sarrafa shi da kyau.A arangama da mutant Delta, a haƙiƙa shirin yana hannunmu.

Nassoshi

[1] Bibiyar bambance-bambancen SARS-CoV-2 An dawo dasu Yuni 24, 2021 daga https://www.who.int/en/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants/

[2] Bambancin coronavirus Delta: masana kimiyya sun yi ƙarfin gwiwa don tasiri, An dawo dasu Yuni 24, 2021, daga https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-01696-3

[3] Bambance-bambancen Coronavirus suna yaduwa a Indiya - abin da masana kimiyya suka sani ya zuwa yanzu.An dawo da Mayu 11, 2021, daga https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-01274-7

[4] bambance-bambancen SARS-CoV-2 na damuwa da bambance-bambancen da ake bincike a Ingila.An dawo da Afrilu 25, 2021, daga, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/979818/Variants_of_Concern_VOC_Technical_Briefing_9_England.pdf

[5] Bambancin Delta na Coronavirus na iya mamaye Amurka, cikin makonni.An dawo da Yuni 23, daga https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/06/22/1008859705/delta-variant-coronavirus-unvaccinated-us-covid-surge

[6] An dawo da shi Yuni 26, 2021 daga https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_13296668

[7] An bayar da ikon haɗin gwiwa na rigakafi da tsarin sarrafawa na Majalisar Jiha (Yuni 11, 2021) An dawo da Yuni 26, 2021 daga http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/gwylflkjz160/index.htm

[8] Tasirin rigakafin COVID-19 akan Bambancin B.1.617.2.An dawo da shi Mayu 23, 2021, daga https://khub.net/documents/135939561/430986542/Tasirin+COVID-19+alurar rigakafin+da+B.1.617.2+variant.pdf/204c11a4-104e