A ranar 14 ga Disamba, 2020, Burtaniya ta ba da rahotobambance-bambancen damuwa na SARS-CoV-2 (VOC), zuriyar B.1.1.7,Hakanan ana kiranta da VOC 202012/01 ko 20I/501Y.V1.* TheBambancin B.1.1.7 an kiyasta ya bayyana a cikin Satumba2020 kuma cikin sauri ya zama mafi girma da ke yawoBambancin SARS-CoV-2 a Ingila (1).B.1.1.7 ya kasancean gano shi a cikin ƙasashe sama da 30, gami da Amurka.Kamar yaddana Janairu 13, 2021, kusan lokuta 76 na B.1.1.7 suna daAn gano shi a cikin jihohin Amurka 12.Layukan shaida da yawanuna cewa B.1.1.7 ya fi dacewa da yaduwa fiye da yadda sukesauran bambance-bambancen SARS-CoV-2 (1-3).Tsarin tsari nawannan bambance-bambancen a cikin Amurka yana nuna saurin girma a farkon 2021,zama babban bambance-bambancen a cikin Maris.ƘaraYaduwar SARS-CoV-2 na iya yin barazanar rashin lafiyar lafiyaalbarkatu, na buƙatar tsawaitawa da aiwatarwa mai tsaurina dabarun kiwon lafiyar jama'a (4), da ƙara yawan adadinrigakafin yawan jama'a da ake buƙata don sarrafa cutar.Daukewamatakan rage watsawa yanzu na iya rage yuwuwartasiri na B.1.1.7 da ba da damar lokaci mai mahimmanci don ƙara yawan rigakafiɗaukar hoto.Gaba ɗaya, haɓakar sa ido na genomichaɗe tare da ci gaba da yarda da ingantaccen jama'amatakan kiwon lafiya, gami da allurar rigakafi, nisantar jiki,amfani da abin rufe fuska, tsabtace hannu, da keɓewa da keɓewa, zaizama mahimmanci don iyakance yaduwar SARS-CoV-2, kwayar cutarwanda ke haifar da cutar coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19).Dabarungwajin mutanen da ba tare da alamun cutar ba amma suna cikin haɗari mafi girmakamuwa da cuta, kamar waɗanda aka fallasa su ga SARS-CoV-2 ko waɗanda ke dasaduwa da jama'a akai-akai wanda ba za a iya kaucewa ba, yana ba da wanidamar iyakance yaduwar ci gaba.

Sa ido kan kwayoyin halitta na duniya da saurin bude tushen sharingantuwar jerin kwayoyin halittar kwayar cutar kwayar cuta sun sauƙaƙe kusa da ainihin lokaciganowa, kwatanta, da bin diddigin haɓakar SARS-CoV-2bambance-bambancen da za su iya sanar da ƙoƙarin lafiyar jama'a don sarrafa abubuwanannoba.Ganin cewa wasu maye gurbi a cikin kwayar cutar kwayar cutafitowa sannan su koma baya, wasu na iya ba da zaɓi na zaɓiTage zuwa bambance-bambancen, gami da ingantaccen watsawa, don hakaIrin wannan bambance-bambancen na iya mamaye sauran bambance-bambancen da ke yawo cikin hanzari.

A farkon cutar, bambance-bambancen SARS-CoV-2 sun ƙunshimaye gurbin D614G a cikin furotin (S) wanda ke ƙaruwamai ɗaurin ɗaurin raɗaɗi cikin hanzari ya zama rinjaye a cikin mutane da yawayankuna (5,6).A ƙarshen faduwar 2020, ƙasashe da yawa sun ba da rahoton ganowaBambance-bambancen SARS-CoV-2 waɗanda ke yaduwa cikin inganci.Bugu da karizuwa bambance-bambancen B.1.1.7, manyan bambance-bambancen sun haɗa da B.1.351An fara gano zuriyarsu a Afirka ta Kudu kuma kwanan nan da aka ganoB.1.1.28 subclade (sake masa suna"P.1”) an gano a cikin matafiya huɗudaga Brazil a lokacin nunawa na yau da kullun a Haneda (Tokyo)filin jirgin sama.§ Waɗannan bambance-bambancen suna ɗauke da ƙungiyar taurari ta mutations, ciki har da a cikin yankin mai karɓar furotin S,wanda yake da mahimmanci don haɗawa da angiotensin cell mai watsa shiricanza mai karɓar enzyme-2 (ACE-2) don sauƙaƙe ƙwayar cutashiga.Shaidu sun nuna cewa sauran maye gurbi da aka samu a cikin waɗannanBambance-bambancen na iya ba da ƙarin watsawa ba kawai ba ammaHakanan zai iya rinjayar aikin wasu bincike na ainihin lokacinjuyar da rubutu-Halin sarkar polymerase (RT-PCR)assays¶ da kuma rage masu saurin kamuwa da cutar antibodies(2,3,5-10).Wani rahoto na kwanan nan ya rubuta shari'ar farko taSake kamuwa da SARS-CoV-2 a cikin Brazil tare da bambance-bambancen SARS-CoV-2wanda ya ƙunshi maye gurbin E484K,** wanda aka nunadon rage neutralization ta convalescent sera da monoclonalantibodies (9,10).

Wannan rahoto yana mai da hankali kan fitowar bambance-bambancen B.1.1.7a Amurka.Tun daga Janairu 12, 2021, baB.1.351 ko P.1 bambance-bambancen da aka gano a cikinAmurka.Don bayani game da bullar SARS-CoV-2bambance-bambancen damuwa, CDC tana kula da shafin yanar gizon da aka keɓe donbayar da bayanai akan bambance-bambancen SARS-CoV-2 masu tasowa.††

 Tsari na B.1.1.7 (20I/501Y.V1)

Bambancin B.1.1.7 yana ɗauke da maye gurbi a cikin furotin S(N501Y) wanda ke shafar daidaituwar ɗaurin mai karɓayankin.Wannan bambance-bambancen yana da wasu 13 B.1.1.7-ma'anar ma'anar jinsi (Table), da yawa daga cikinsu suna cikin furotin S,gami da gogewa a matsayi na 69 da 70 (del69-70) cewaya samo asali ne kai tsaye a cikin wasu bambance-bambancen SARS-CoV-2 kuma shinehasashe don ƙara haɓakawa (2,7).Gogewara matsayi na 69 da 70 yana haifar da gazawar S-gene target (SGTF)aƙalla RT-PCR guda ɗaya-tushen bincike (watau, tare daThermoFisher Taq Path COVID-19 assay, B.1.1.7 variant da sauran bambance-bambancen karatu tare da del69-70 yana haifar da mummunansakamako don S-gene manufa da kuma kyakkyawan sakamako ga sauran biyunhari);SGTF ta yi aiki a matsayin wakili a Burtaniyadon gano lokuta B.1.1.7 (1).Layukan shaidu da yawa sun nuna cewa B.1.1.7 ya fi yawaana iya yaɗuwa da kyau idan aka kwatanta da sauran SARS-CoV-2bambance-bambancen da ke yawo a cikin Burtaniya.Yankunan UK tare daMafi girman adadin jerin B.1.1.7 sun sami annoba cikin saurigirma fiye da sauran yankuna, ƙwararrun cututtukan SGTF sun karuda sauri fiye da waɗanda ba SGTF bincikar lafiya a wurare guda ɗaya ba, da kuma aMafi girman adadin lambobin sadarwa sun kamu da marasa lafiyatare da cututtuka na B.1.1.7 fiye da ta marasa lafiya da suka kamu da cutarsauran bambance-bambancen (1,3).Bambancin B.1.1.7 yana da yuwuwar haɓaka kwanon Amurkayanayin demic a cikin watanni masu zuwa.Don kwatanta wannan tasirin,an ɓullo da tsari mai sauƙi, nau'i-nau'i biyu.Yawancin Amurka na yanzu na B.1.1.7 tsakanin duk masu yawoƙwayoyin cuta ba a san su ba amma ana tunanin su <0.5% bisa gaiyakataccen adadin lokuta da aka gano da bayanan SGTF (8).Dominsamfurin, zato na farko sun haɗa da yaduwar B.1.1.7na 0.5% a tsakanin duk cututtuka, SARS-CoV-2 rigakafi dagaciwon baya na 10%-30%, haifuwa mai canzawa lokaci-lokacilamba (R t) na 1.1 (raguwa amma ƙara watsawa)ko 0.9 (rage watsawa) don bambance-bambancen yanzu, kuma an ba da rahoton bullar cutar 60 a cikin mutane 100,000 kowace rana.Janairu 1, 2021. Waɗannan zato ba su wakilci daidai bakowane wurin Amurka guda ɗaya, amma a maimakon haka, yana nuna ƙayyadaddun bayanaiyanayi gama gari a fadin kasar.Canje-canje a cikin R t overlokaci sakamakon samun rigakafi da kuma karuwa prevalence na B.1.1.7, aka tsara, tare da B.1.1.7 R t zaci.ya zama akai sau 1.5 R t na bambance-bambancen yanzu, bisaƙiyasin farko daga Ƙasar Ingila (1,3).Bayan haka, an tsara tasirin tasirin rigakafinana zaton an gudanar da alluran rigakafi miliyan 1 a kowaceranar da ta fara Janairu 1, 2021, da kuma kashi 95% na rigakafian samu kwanaki 14 bayan samun allurai 2.Musamman,rigakafi daga kamuwa da cuta tare da bambance-bambancen yanzu ko kumaB.1.1.7 bambance-bambancen da aka zaci, ko da yake tasiri datsawon lokacin kariya daga kamuwa da cuta ya kasance mara tabbas,domin waɗannan ba su ne farkon ƙarshen gwaji na asibiti badon rigakafin farko.A cikin wannan samfurin, B.1.1.7 yaduwa ya fara raguwa, duk da haka sabodaya fi watsawa fiye da bambance-bambancen yanzu, yana nunawasaurin girma a farkon 2021, ya zama babban variant a watan Maris (Hoto na 1).Ko watsa na yanzubambance-bambancen suna karuwa (farkon R t = 1.1) ko raguwa a hankali(farko R t = 0.9) a cikin Janairu, B.1.1.7 yana haifar da canji mai mahimmanci.a cikin yanayin watsawa da sabon lokaci na ma'aunigirma.Tare da allurar rigakafin da ke ba da kariya daga kamuwa da cuta, daHanyoyin cututtuka na farko ba su canza ba kuma B.1.1.7 ya yaduhar yanzu yana faruwa (Hoto na 2).Duk da haka, bayan B.1.1.7 ya zamabambance-bambancen da ke da rinjaye, an rage watsa shi sosai.Tasirin allurar rigakafi akan rage watsawa a kusalokaci ya kasance mafi girma a cikin yanayin da watsa ya kasanceriga yana raguwa (farko R t = 0.9) (Hoto 2).Kokarin farko cewazai iya iyakance yaduwar bambance-bambancen B.1.1.7, kamar duniya daƙara yarda da dabarun rage lafiyar jama'a,zai ba da damar ƙarin lokaci don ci gaba da rigakafin don cimma mafi girmarigakafin matakin yawan jama'a.

Tattaunawa

A halin yanzu, babu wani sanannen bambanci a sakamakon asibitihade da bambance-bambancen SARS-CoV-2 da aka bayyana;duk da haka,mafi girma yawan watsawa zai haifar da ƙarin lokuta, karuwaadadin mutanen gaba ɗaya waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawar asibiti, ƙarirage nauyi akan tsarin kula da lafiya da ya riga ya yi rauni,kuma ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane da dama.Ci gaba da sa ido kan kwayoyin halittadon gano lokuta B.1.1.7, da kuma bayyanar wasubambance-bambancen damuwa a cikin Amurka, yana da mahimmanci gaAmsar lafiyar jama'a ta COVID-19.Ganin cewa sakamakon SGTFzai iya taimakawa gano yiwuwar B.1.1.7 lokuta da za a iya tabbatarwata hanyar jeri, gano bambance-bambancen fifiko waɗanda ba su nunawaSGTF ya dogara ne kawai akan sa ido bisa tsari.