"Magungunan Nucleic acid" suna amfani da "nucleic acid," wanda ke nufin abubuwa kamar DNA da RNA waɗanda ke sarrafa bayanan kwayoyin halitta, a matsayin magunguna.Waɗannan suna ba da damar yin niyya na ƙwayoyin cuta irin su mRNA da miRNA waɗanda ba za a iya niyya da su da magungunan ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na gargajiya da magungunan rigakafin jiki ba, kuma akwai babban fata ga waɗannan magungunan azaman magunguna na zamani na gaba.Ana gudanar da bincike mai inganci a duniya kamar yadda ake sa ran zai kai ga samar da magungunan da a baya ba za a iya magance su ba.
A gefe guda, an nuna cewa ci gaban magungunan nucleic acid yana da batutuwan da za a shawo kan su, ciki har da "(i) rashin zaman lafiyar kwayoyin nucleic acid a cikin jiki," "(ii) damuwa game da mummunan halayen miyagun ƙwayoyi," da "(iii) wahala a cikin tsarin bayarwa na miyagun ƙwayoyi (DDS)."Har ila yau, kamfanonin Japan sun kasance a baya wajen samar da magungunan nucleic acid saboda yadda kamfanoni a Turai da Amurka suka yi amfani da su wajen yin katsalandan ga ci gaban Japan.
Halayen magungunan nucleic acid
"Magungunan Nucleic acid" fasaha ce ta gano magunguna na zamani mai zuwa tare da tsarin aiki mabanbanta fiye da samfuran magunguna na gargajiya.Hakanan yana fasalta ikon ƙera su cikin sauƙi a matsakaitan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da yuwuwar nuna inganci da aminci wanda ya zarce na magungunan rigakafin.Saboda wadannan siffofi, ana sa ran za a yi amfani da magungunan nucleic acid a cikin ciwon daji da cututtukan gado wadanda a baya suke da wahalar magance su, da kuma cututtuka irin su mura da kamuwa da cuta.
Nau'in magungunan nucleic acid
Magungunan Nucleic acid wanda ke amfani da DNA da RNA sun haɗa da waɗanda ke kai hari ga acid nucleic a matakin da aka haɗa furotin daga kwayar halittar DNA (kamar mRNA da miRNA) da waɗanda ke da alaƙa da furotin.
Nau'i da halaye na magungunan nucleic acid (magungunan rigakafi da magani)
Akwai magungunan nucleic acid tare da nau'ikan nau'ikan da halaye daban-daban bisa ga maƙasudi da hanyoyin aiwatarwa.
| Nau'in | manufa | Wurin aiki | Hanyar aiki | Takaitawa |
| sirna | mRNA | Ciki cikin tantanin halitta (cytoplasm) | mRNA cleavage | RNA mai madauri biyu tare da tsagewar mRNA mai kamanceceniya dajerin (siRNA), RNA mai madaidaicin gashin gashi (shRNA), da sauransu.tare da tasiri bisa ga ka'idar RNAi |
| miRNA | microRNA | Ciki cikin tantanin halitta (cytoplasm) | maye gurbin microRNA | RNA mai madauri biyu, miRNA na RNA mai madauri ɗayako ana amfani da mimic ɗinsa don ƙarfafa aikin miRNA ya lalaceta cuta |
| Antisense | mRNA miRNA | A cikin tantanin halitta (a cikin tsakiya, cytoplasm) | mRNA da lalata miRNA, hanawa splicing | RNA/DNA mai madauri guda ɗaya wanda ke ɗaure ga mRNA da aka yi niyyada miRNA don haifar da lalacewa ko hanawa,ko yin aiki don tsallake exon lokacin da ake yin splicing |
| Aptamer | Protein (protein na waje) | A wajen tantanin halitta | Hana aiki | Single-stranded RNA/DNA wanda ke ɗaure da furotin da aka yi niyyaa irin wannan hanya zuwa antibodies/DNA |
| Ado | Protein (fasali na rubutu) | Ciki cikin tantanin halitta (a cikin tsakiya) | Hana rubutun | DNA mai madauri biyu tare da jeri iri ɗaya zuwa wurin ɗauredon factor transcription, wanda ke ɗaure ga ma'aunin rubutuna kwayar cutar da ta shafa don murkushe kwayar da aka yi niyya |
| Ribozyme | RNA | Ciki cikin tantanin halitta (cytoplasm) | RNA cleavage | RNA guda ɗaya tare da aikin enzyme don ɗaure da tsagewaRNA manufa |
| CpG girma | Protein (mai karɓa) | Tantanin halitta | Immunopotentiation | Oligodeoxynucleotide tare da motif na CpG (DNA mai ɗaure ɗaya) |
| Sauran | - | - | - | Nucleic acid maganis banda waɗanda aka lissafa a sama waɗanda suke aikikunna rigakafi na asali, kamar PolyI: PolyC (RNA mai ɗaure biyu)da antigen |
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-25-2023
